Deleting files or formatting a drive only hides data from the operating system; recovery tools can often bring it back. Real destruction makes data unreadable, either by changing the bits, destroying the encryption key or destroying the medium itself.
NIST SP 800-88 defines three levels: Clear (overwriting user-addressable areas), Purge (firmware secure erase, cryptographic erase or degaussing magnetic media) and Destroy (shredding, crushing or melting).
For HDDs, a verified full overwrite works for reuse, while degaussing plus shredding suits retired disks. SSDs need ATA Secure Erase, NVMe Sanitize or cryptographic erase, because wear levelling leaves old data in other cells; degaussing has no effect on flash. Phones should be removed from corporate accounts and device management before an encrypted reset. USB sticks and memory cards are usually best destroyed physically. Do not forget printer disks, NAS units, camera recorders and failed drives sent for warranty.
Finally, document everything with serial numbers, method, date and responsible people. Racurity manages this chain end to end.
Talk to Racoun: we are based in Istanbul and work with brands across Türkiye. Message us on WhatsApp or email ekip@racoun.com.
